Organic Reagents Class 12

Organic Reagents and their uses/functions

S.No.	Name of Reagent	Use/Function	Example
1	HCl + ZnCl2 (Lucas Reagent)	Substitution of –OH by -Cl group (Alcohol to Alkyl Chloride)
2	HBr or NaBr +H2SO4	Substitution of –OH by -Br group (Alcohol to Alkyl Bromide)
3	Red P/X2, (X2 = Br2, I2)	Substitution of –OH by –Br/I group (Alcohol to Alkyl Bromide/Iodine)
4	SOCl2	Substitution of –OH by -Cl group (Alcohol to Alkyl Chloride)
5	PCl5	Substitution of –OH by -Cl group (Alcohol to Alkyl Chloride)
6	Cl2 / Br2 in UV light/hν/heat	Substitution of hydrocarbon by –Cl/Br via free radical mechanism (Alkane to Alkyl Chloride/Bromide)
7	HCl/HBr with alkene	Addition via Markovnikov’s rule (Alkene to Alkyl Chloride/ Bromide).
8	NaI/KI in dry acetone	Substitution of halogens by –I group (Alkyl halides to Alkyl Iodide)
9	NaNO2 + HCl / HNO2	1° Amine to diazonium salt
10	Aq. KOH/NaOH	Substitution by –OH group (Alkyl halide to Alcohol)
11	Ethanolic KCN/ NaCN	Substitution by –CN (Alkyl halide to Alkyl Cyanide)
12	Cl2/Br2 in Dark or CCl4	Alkene to vicinal dichloride / dibromide
13	AgCN	Substitution by –NC (isocyanide) group (Alkylhalide to Alkyl isocyanide)
14	KNO2	Substitution by –ONO (Alkyl halide to Alkylnitrile)
15	AgNO2	Substitution by –NO2 (Alkyl halide to Nitroalkane)
16	Alcoholic KOH/ NaOH	β-elimination reaction (Alkyl halide to alkene)
17	Cl2, Anhydrous AlCl3	Chlorination of aromatic compounds
18	Conc. HNO3 + Conc. H2SO4	Nitration of aromatic compounds
19	Conc. H2SO4	Sulphonation of aromatic compounds
20	CH3Cl + Anhydrous AlCl3	Methylation (alkylation) of aromatic compounds (Friedel Craft alkylation).
21	CH3COCl + Anhydrous AlCl3	Ethanoylation (acylation) of aromatic compounds (Friedel Craft acylation).
22	H2O, H+	Hydration of alkene to alcohol
23	H2, Ni/Pt/Pd	Hydrogenation of alkene to Alkane, Reduction of Aldehyde to alcohol etc.
24	NaBH4	Mild reducing agent, Ketone to alcohol.
25	LiAlH4/ B2H6	Strong reducing agent, Carboxylic acid to Alcohol.
26	RMgX (Grignard Reagent)	Aldehydes and ketones to alcohols
27	Conc. H2SO4	Dehydration (Alcohols to alkene)
28	Acidified KMnO4 /Alkaline KMnO4/Acidified K2CrO7/ CrO3-H2SO4 (Jones reagent)	Strong oxidizing agent (Alcohols to Carboxylic acid)
29	CrO3/PCC	Mild oxidizing agent (Alcohols to aldehyde or ketone)
30	DIBAL-H	Strong reducing agent. (Cyanide to aldehyde, Ester to Aldehyde)
31	Br2 + NaOH	Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation reaction (Amide to Amine).
32	CHCl3 + 3KOH	Carbylamine reaction (Primary amine to Alkyl isocyanide)

 

By: Mr. Satyam Kumar Nigam

PGT Chemistry

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